Reported Speech

افعال کمکی وجهی در نقل قول غيرمستقيم

در نقل قول غيرمستقيم افعال کمکی وجهی may ،can ،will و shall به might، could، would و should تبديل می‌شوند. يعنی:

 

نقل قول غيرمستقيم WOULD, COULD, MIGHT, SHOULD

تبديل می‌شود به →

نقل قول مستقيم will, can, MAY, SHALL

مثال:

• 'I will sell my car,' he told me.
  He told me that he would sell his car.

• 'I can help you,' he said.
  He said he could help me.

• 'The teacher may be ill,' he said.
  He said that the teacher might be ill.

ولی افعال كمكی used to، ought to و must در جملات نقل قول غيرمستقيم تغييری نمی‌کنند:

• I told her that I used to smoke twenty a day.

 

تغييرات لازم ديگر در نقل قول غيرمستقيم

در نقل قول غيرمستقيم علاوه بر تغييراتی که در افعال صورت مي‌گيرد، در بعضی ديگر از اقسام کلمه، از جمله قيدها نيز تغييراتی ايجاد می‌شود که در جدول زير بعضی از آنها را می‌بينيد:

 

غيرمستقيم	مستقيم→
that	this
those	these
there	here
then	now
that day	today
the previous day / the day before	yesterday
the next day / the following day	tomorrow
the following week / year ...	next week / year ...
the previous week / year ...	last week / year ...

چند مثال:

• 'I like it here,' he said.
  He said that he liked it there.

• He said, 'We'll visit the factory tomorrow.'
  He said that he would visit the factory the next day.

Silent

Sheltered English Instruction

Sheltered English Instruction is a commonly used approach today. It uses English as the medium of content area instruction. The instructor can be an ESL teacher or a content-area-trained teacher to use a variety of strategies and techniques to ...

ادامه نوشته

Dictionary of fruits

 

برای دیدن معنی فارسی، در مرورگر «اینترنت اکسپلورر» اشاره‌گر ماوس را روی تصوير نگه داريد.

Plums	Pineapple	Pomegranate	Orange
Strawberry	Melon	Apricot	Apple
Cantaloupe	Pear	Lemon	Banana
Tangerine	Coconut	Peach	Watermelon
Grapes	Cherries

 

God is love." the Bible, 4:8"

God's Amazing Love!

Could we with ink the ocean fill,
Were every blade of grass a quill,
Were the world of parchment made,
And every man a scribe by trade,
To write the love of God above
Would drain the ocean dry;
Nor would the scroll contain the whole,
Though stretched from sky to sky.

New words:

quill: pen made from the feather shaft

parchment: the thin dried skin of some animals which was used in the past for writing on

scribe: a person employed, before the invention of printing, to make copies of documents

by trade: a job which needs special skill and which involves working with your hands

scroll: a long roll of parchment

Whole-Language Approach

Different from the Phonetic Approach that focuses only on fragmented language, such as phonemic awareness and phonics drills, the main characteristic of the whole-language approach is that language teaching should not be separated into component skills, but rather ...

ادامه نوشته

The icing on the cake

* The icing on the cake *

Meaning: Something really good that makes a good situation even better.

Examples:

"Our trip to London was amazing. The icing on the cake was meeting Johnny Depp in McDonalds!"

"I was so happy that I passed the exam and the icing on the cake was that I got %90 !"

(L'Expression(répondre au remerciement

 

''Il n'y a pas de quoi''

 

Don't mention it

 

Not at all

  

Gotta & Dunno

 

Gotta = 'have got to' - (which means 'have to' OR 'must', but it's only used when speaking) 

 

"I can't go out tonight. I gotta study." 

"She has gotta get up early tomorrow." 

"Have you gotta babysit on Saturday?" 

 

Dunno = 'don't know' - (not in the third person singular or interrogative) 

 

"I dunno what I'm going to do this weekend." 

"What are you gonna do after college?" ... "Dunno!" 

"You dunno what you're talking about!"

...Other Ways To Say